David Icke

All four books agree that the summit is not human, but each names it differently, and this tier keeps every name as its own entity, linked only by the relations Icke states. In Everything You Need to Know (2018) Icke builds his top layer from the Gnostic Nag Hammadi texts. The Demiurge (Yaldabaoth), born of Sophia's error, made the Lower Aeons as a "bad copy" of the Upper Aeons, and made the Archons as its copies^[1]. The Archons are "the Jinn of Islam" and the "demons and fallen angels" of Christianity. They cannot create, only copy and invert, and they feed on human fear^[1]. They hacked the simulation through Orion, Saturn and the Moon (the Saturn-Moon Matrix), infused humanity with a counterfeit spirit, and took over the Reptilians and Greys, who are now their "main vehicles"^[2]. The 2018 book's chain of command is explicit: "The Archontic distortion dictates to nonhuman entities including the Reptilians and Greys (collectively 'The Spider'), who dictate to the human-reptilian hybrid El-ite, who dictate to the mass of humanity"^[3]. In Perceptions of a Renegade Mind (2021) the same force is "the force which dictates the actions of the Cult". Satan, the Jinn, the Chitauri, the Predators and the Archons are "all ... talking about the same force", led by Yaldabaoth, the Old Testament God and the Freemasons' Great Architect^[4]. The book's last chapters rename it Wetiko, "the Yaldabaoth frequency distortion", and say "the Cult is Wetiko incarnate, Yaldabaoth incarnate"^[5]. The chart's apex is the Demiurge, because the two latest books both place it above the Archons, and the Archons above the Reptilians and Greys^[6]. Icke never says the Demiurge is the Prison Warders of And the Truth or the reptilians of The Biggest Secret, so those earlier apexes keep their own profiles and chains. The Reptilians move down one level: in the 1999 book they are the top of the physical pyramid, possessed by a fifth-dimensional force^[7], while in the 2018 book they are "Archontically possessed" and "subordinate to the Archontic distortion"^[8].

The two earlier books name the summit differently again. The Biggest Secret^[9] names a reptilian race, the "Serpent Race". It has controlled the planet for thousands of years through three channels at once. It works as extraterrestrials from Draco (with a connection to Orion), as inner-Earth beings in underground bases, and above all from the lower fourth dimension, the "lower astral" and home of Satanism's "demons", by possessing hybrid bloodlines that carry its genetic code^[7]. Icke has several names for them: the Anunnaki of the Sumerian Tablets, the Chitauri of Zulu tradition, the Watchers and Nefilim of Enoch, and the biblical "sons of God" and "fallen angels"^[10]. Their hierarchy runs from the winged Draco, whose albino-white caste is their "royalty", through non-winged "Reptoids" and the Greys, down to humans^[11]. Only one controlling group is malevolent, not the whole reptile stream, and that group is itself possessed by a fifth-dimensional force^[12]. And the Truth Shall Set You Free^[13] names no species. Its apex is "the Fourth Dimensional consciousness which took over the planet", which Icke calls the Prison Warders. They serve the Luciferic Consciousness ("the Fourth Dimensional Prison Warders of the Luciferic Consciousness"). Their physical expressions were negative extraterrestrials who hijacked the Earth, sealed it in a vibratory prison and posed as its gods^[14]. After Babylon and Egypt they stopped occupying it physically and worked through human minds, via the adepts of the mystery schools and later the Global Elite^[15]. Its "gods" of Sumer are the blond Melchedekans, the biblical Elohim, per a UK insider's account^[16]. The two models are kept as separate entities, and each apex connects to its own human summit by the relations the books state. Before the later books (2018, 2021) the Reptilians were the chart's apex; they now sit under the Archons (see Contradictions & Evolution).

The "gods" the Brotherhood worships are, in The Biggest Secret, the same force and bloodline under many masks. Nimrod (Baal, Moloch, Janus, Oannes), Semiramis (Isis, Ishtar, Diana, Barati, Queen of Heaven) and their son Tammuz (Horus) are "the key Brotherhood deities under countless names". Icke reads them in the dove, the fish, the fleur-de-lis, the papal mitre, the Statue of Liberty and the obelisk^[17]. All the goddesses, he says, are names for one female energy that goes back to the Anunnaki geneticist Ninkharsag^[18]. And the Truth reads Satan, Set, Lucifer and the Devil as symbolic names for the Prison Warders^[19]. It also treats the saviour gods (Bel, Osiris, Mithra, Dionysus, Krishna, Quetzalcoatl) as one recycled sun story^[16]. These deities are listed here because Icke treats them as the controlling force in symbolic form. His equations between them are recorded as relations, not as aliases.

All four books put a small human clique directly under the non-human controllers, and each names and ranks it differently. The names are kept as separate profiles, connected only by the relations Icke states. In Perceptions of a Renegade Mind (2021) the summit is the Cult or Global Cult, "a global network of secret societies and semi-secret groups" around a hidden spider, whose inner core is so small that "at the core of the core you would get them in a single room"^[20]. Sabbatian-Frankism, "the cult of cults", "now largely controls" it^[21]. The Cult in turn is "Archons incarnate", and "the Archon hierarchy becomes the Cult hierarchy"^[22]. In Everything You Need to Know (2018) the same level is the Hidden Hand and the "El-ite", named after El, the Saturn god of the black cube. The book's "El-ite" is recorded under the Global Elite profile, because the register merges the two names. It is "the Archontic Reptilian network within global society that appears to be human, but isn't", made of hybrid "software" bloodlines that are "full counterfeit spirit" without Spirit^[23]. Sabbatian-Frankism is already central to the Web of the 2018 book^[3]. The plan these summits pursue is listed here too: the New World Order and world government of the earlier books, renamed the Great Reset in the 2021 book, and the three-level Hunger Games Society it is meant to produce^[24].

The two earlier books name and rank it differently again. In The Biggest Secret the human network has one name for its whole history. "I will therefore refer to this group as the Brotherhood. Even more accurately, given the importance of ancient Babylon to this story, I will also call it the Babylonian Brotherhood"^[25]. It is a "race within a race" of interbreeding bloodlines that "created the mystery schools, secret societies and religions and built today's institutions from the start", rather than infiltrating them^[25]. Its summit is Satanic. "Satanism is the ruling hierarchy of the Brotherhood pyramid under reptilian command"^[26]. The Satanist hierarchy is "supreme", with "possibly a High Priest and High Priestess of the world" at the top. Beneath them sit the Illuminati degrees and inner councils (of 3, 5, 7, 9, 13 and 33), the Grand Druid Council, the Committee of 300 and a Committee of 500^[27]. According to Arizona Wilder, 13 ruling families each have a council of 13. The most powerful US council is in California, headed by "Pindar"^[28]. The factions feud "like bank robbers over the spoils" but unite whenever the Agenda is threatened^[29].

In And the Truth the summit is "the elite clique which controls the world, the Global Elite as I call them"^[30]. It is made up of incarnations of the Prison Warders, or of people whose minds they control, and it passes the agenda down family lines "like passing on a baton in a relay race"^[31]. Above it are a "Super Elite" of black magicians who control the All-Seeing Eye cult, "the force behind the Global Elite"^[32]. Below it sit the Illuminati, which "answers to its Global Elite", the Black Nobility, the Committee of 300 and "the Brotherhood", which in this book is the secret-society network one level down^[31]. Some researchers, the book notes, put a Council of Thirteen and a Council of Thirty Three between the House of Rothschild and the Committee of 300^[32]. "Yes, Satanists run the world"^[33]. The Global Elite and the Babylonian Brotherhood are kept as separate profiles, connected by the relation the 1995 book states (the Elite controls the Brotherhood network)^[16]. The Agenda itself (the Great Work of Ages, or New World Order, and its world government) is listed here because both books treat it as the directing plan above every institution.

Below the summit are the hybrid families through which, Icke says, the reptilians rule. The white race was "the main vehicle" of the takeover, though the reptilians crossbred with all races. Within it, the reptile-Aryan bloodlines "always end up in royal, political, financial and administrative power", their bodies "occupied or controlled by lower-fourth-dimensional reptiles" without most of the lesser hierarchy knowing it^[34]. He traces them from Mars and the Caucasus through Sumer, Babylon, Egypt and Troy. From there they went by sea as the Phoenicians, to Venice as the Black Nobility, and overland as the Scythians, Sicambrian Franks and Merovingians. They reached the royal houses of Europe and, through the British Empire, the American Eastern Establishment. He tags one master line "Ramses-Piso-Bush", which he says runs from the pharaohs to every US president^[35]. The families intermarry "without regard for love" to keep the genetic structure that lets them shape-shift and be possessed^[36]. Rival lines fight but are "the same Anunnaki-reptilian lines"^[37]. Icke also stresses that the manipulators are certain bloodlines and factions, "not whole nations or races", and that blaming groups is itself the Brotherhood's divide and rule^[38].

In And the Truth Icke describes the same families without the reptilian genetics. "A leading part of the Global Elite at the top of the human pyramid is the group known as the Black Nobility": the Venetian and Genoese families descended from the Guelphs, whose reach runs through Lombard banking, Swiss finance, the slave trade, the Orange Order, the Bank of England and European royalty^[39]. Then come the House of Rothschild ("right up there, but I do not believe they are at the top"), perhaps the Habsburgs above them^[32], and the Anglo-American Eastern Establishment families (Rockefeller, Morgan, Harriman, Whitney, Dulles, Carnegie, Bush), whom the book calls "all fronts or close allies of the Rothschilds"^[40]. According to the book's UK insider, the inbred families of the 'Illuminati' descend from the blond Melchedekans who landed at Sumer^[16]. In this book the families believe from childhood that they "have a birthright and a genetic inheritance which ensures they will control the world", and so they do^[41]. The same streams of consciousness may reincarnate along chosen family lines^[42]. The Rothschilds' Khazar origin (the red shield) and the Jewish hierarchy's use of ordinary Jews as "propaganda fodder" appear in both books^[43].

The later books keep the bloodlines but explain them through the Archons. The hybrid bloodlines are "software" produced by Reptilian and Grey interbreeding: they are "full counterfeit spirit" without Spirit, interbreed "to preserve their codes", and are "Archontic Reptilian incarnate"^[44]. "Human royal hierarchies are Draco royalty incarnate"^[45]. The Rothschilds become the "Saturnic Rothschild Mafia" at the Sabbatian core of Zionism, and in Perceptions of a Renegade Mind a Sabbatian "Cult bloodline" that controls America "through the Rockefellers and other subordinates"^[46]. That book adds the Dönmeh House of Saud as a Sabbatian bloodline inside Islam^[21], and says the Cult's innermost societies are drawn "from particular bloodlines"^[20].

The bloodlines work through "a web of interconnecting secret societies" that the reptilians created to enforce their Agenda^[47]. Icke calls it one force behind "endless masks": "the same force operates behind endless masks; only the name changes"^[48]. It begins with the mystery schools of Babylon and Egypt, the Levite priesthood, the Therapeutae-Essene-Nazarene stream and the Druids, whose ancient knowledge it hoarded while giving the masses a literal religion^[49]. In the 12th century its centre became the knightly orders: the Knights Templar, the military wing of the Priory of Sion, alongside the Knights of Malta and the Teutonic Knights. After the 1307 purge the Templars survived as the Scots Guard, the Order of the Garter and, under James I, Freemasonry^[50]. Freemasonry is the "global coordinator for the thousands of these 'masks'", letting agents on apparently opposed sides communicate^[51]. Above the Masonic degrees stand the Illuminati degrees^[27]. In the modern era the Round Table, founded under Rhodes, "really the Rothschilds, Astors and Cecils", added the RIIA (1920), the CFR (1921), the Bilderberg Group (1954), the Club of Rome (1968) and the Trilateral Commission (1972). These place politicians and control NATO, the World Bank, the central banks and the media^[52]. Most members of any of these bodies, Icke insists, are unaware of the Agenda. Only the inner circles know^[53].

In And the Truth Icke builds the same web from Atlantis onward. The Prison Warders inspired the mystery schools of Babylon, Egypt and Greece and supervised them through "the adepts". From them came the Egyptian Brotherhood at El-Amarna, the Cathars, the Templars, the Knights of Malta, the Arab Brotherhood Grand Lodge in Cairo, the Rosicrucians and Freemasonry, whose Mother Grand Lodge was founded in London in 1717. The network engineered the American Revolution by manipulating both sides^[16]. The Illuminati (Weishaupt's Bavarian Illuminati of 1 May 1776 and the Jesuit Alumbrados) infiltrated Freemasonry to create "Illuminised" Grand Orient Freemasonry. Grand Orient Freemasonry is "another name for the Illuminati", and its members run through every body in the network^[39]. Elite cells such as the Parlour Club, the Club of the Isles, Skull and Bones ("the Illuminati in disguise") and P2 ("a state within a state") give control of police, judiciary and state^[54]. The book's Round Table (Rhodes, then Milner, with its Society of the Elect and Circle of Friends) spawned the RIIA at Chatham House (1919–1920), the CFR (1921) and the Institute of Pacific Relations (1924). The tax-exempt foundations fund them all, and Carroll Quigley exposed them^[55]. Their post-war offspring (Bilderberg 1954, the Club of Rome 1968, the Trilateral Commission 1972–73) form "the secret government of the world". The book's Global Pyramid (Figure 11)^[56] sets the Round Table and RIIA satellites at the centre and the Tavistock Institute atop the mind-manipulation network^[57].

The later books give the whole structure one name, the Web. It is a web of "secret societies, semi-secret groups and known institutions" around the Spider, compartmentalised so that each strand knows only its own part^[58]. They keep the same order of strands. The bloodline-only societies sit at the core. Then come the Freemasons, the Knights Templar, the Knights of Malta, Opus Dei and the Jesuit inner sanctum, "many connected to the Church of Rome". Then come the Round Table and its "cusp" groups (RIIA, CFR, Bilderberg, Trilateral Commission, Club of Rome). Sabbatian-Frankism is said to control most of these orders^[3]. Perceptions of a Renegade Mind adds the World Economic Forum, the Gates, Rockefeller and Open Society foundations, and the Neocon and Democon inner circles of the two US parties as Cult fronts^[59].

Icke says the institutions of daily life were built by the Brotherhood, not merely infiltrated^[25]. He groups them into several strands. Religion and "official science" are twin mind-prisons^[60]. The banking system is "the most important instrument of Brotherhood control": money created out of nothing, lent at interest, and coordinated by the Bank of England and the Bank for International Settlements^[61]. Governments and parties are fronts of a "one-party state"^[62]. The globalising bodies (the EU, UN, NATO, WTO, World Bank and IMF) are stepping stones to world government^[63]. British intelligence and its offspring the CIA are "at their peaks, black magic secret societies"^[48]. The media, Hollywood and education lock people in a "left brain prison"^[64]. And a web of chartered companies, cartels and "charities" (the Crown companies, De Beers, Rio Tinto, the WWF) carries out the looting of Africa and the world^[38]. The whole is a pyramid in which the workers follow orders "unknowingly" and "the higher up the pyramids, the more Satanists"^[65]. Its operational heart is the City of London.

The account of the institutions in And the Truth Shall Set You Free (1995) is the same in outline and far more detailed. Banking is "the foundation of the conspiracy": credit created from nothing and lent at interest drains real wealth into the banks. Thirteen people on David Rockefeller's International Banking Commission, with the Bank for International Settlements, set world financial policy through the Federal Reserve and the Bank of England^[66]. Bretton Woods (1944) created the "money police" (the World Bank, IMF and GATT/WTO) to trap the Third World in debt^[67]. The Seven Sisters oil cartel, split between the Rockefellers and Rothschilds, is "indivisible" from governments, banks, intelligence services and media^[67]. The United Nations is "a 'Trojan Horse'" for world government, and the EU the European stepping stone^[68]. British Intelligence sits "probably above the CIA", which it created and which is "formed by Nazis, for Nazis". The NSA is the real power in US intelligence, and the CIA, NSA, FBI, NASA and the Federal Reserve form an "Inner Fed" funded by hard drugs^[69]. Mossad and the ADL serve the Rothschilds and the Global Elite^[70]. The media form a "One Media State", and education is steered by the tax-exempt foundations and the All Souls Group^[71]. The Vatican is infiltrated through P2 and the Knights of Malta^[72].

The later books (2018, 2021) keep this tier and add the instruments of the "Covid" era. Money remains pivotal: "Control of the creation and circulation of 'money' is pivotal to holding The System together", and the central banks answer to the Bank for International Settlements, "in other words, the Global Cult"^[73]. Intelligence is one command: the CIA, NSA, MI5/MI6, Mossad and BND "are all assets of the same central command – the same Web"^[74]. Information runs down a pyramid: the Web dictates to media owners, owners to editors, editors to journalists^[75]. Silicon Valley, built with DARPA and In-Q-Tel money and fronted by "Sabbatian place-people", is the censor of the Internet age^[76]. Health is the new front. In Perceptions of a Renegade Mind the chain of command for "Covid" runs from the Cult to Bill Gates, then to the WHO and Tedros, the chief medical officers, the political leaders, law enforcement and the people. Big Pharma, "owned and controlled" by the Cult, and a web of Gates-funded bodies (Imperial College, Johns Hopkins, GAVI, CEPI, the CDC) carry it out^[77]. The technological endgame: the Smart Grid, 5G, artificial intelligence and the synthetic "Human 2.0" are the instruments of the Great Reset^[78]. The Deep State, the permanent apparatus behind elected governments, sits across all of these. Its "real name", the 2021 book says, is "Sabbatian State"^[79].

These are the people Icke names as the Brotherhood's visible operators. They are presidents and prime ministers, bankers and media barons, occultists and intelligence men, and the assassins and scapegoats of its operations. The conspiracies are "the means of introducing" the Agenda: "removing threats, installing agents, creating events"^[80]. Leaders are "reared and selected from birth, not decided at elections"^[81], and "to be chosen for high office you must accept the sovereignty of the Illuminati and that the reptilians run the show"^[82]. Some agents are full-blood reptilians (Kissinger, Bush), some are merely "overshadowed" (Clinton), and many are mind-controlled multiples themselves: "the mind controlled manipulating the mind controlled"^[83]. Even the most powerful here are "not the very top but right up at the operational level"^[27]. Most of the Cathy O'Brien, Arizona Wilder and Brice Taylor material about named politicians is relayed testimony, which Icke endorses.

The 1995 book names hundreds more such operators and tags their memberships (CFR, TC, Bil, RIIA, Comm 300) throughout. Its politicians are "puppets, trigger-pullers, and mouthpieces" of "One Party States". Every US president since Ford is a stooge^[84], and presidents come off "the Global Elite production line"^[85]. Its front men include Colonel House and Lord Milner (placed in the US and British governments in the First World War), Bernard Baruch, the Dulles brothers, Averell Harriman and, succeeding him, Henry Kissinger ("yes-men, and super-gofers", yet also "the Elite's Ambassador-at-Large"). They also include George Bush (CIA asset and Iran-Contra controller), Bill Clinton (Rhodes Scholar chosen at the 1991 Bilderberg meeting), Jimmy Carter ("the first Trilateral Commission President"), Lord Victor Rothschild ("the spider at the centre" of British subversion), George Soros ("Rothschild frontman") and Lord Carrington^[86]. Hitler and Stalin are "merely stooges", well below the Super Elite^[33]. The book also names the programmed "lone assassins" and patsies (Oswald, Sirhan Sirhan, Lennon's and King Faisal's killers) as mind-controlled operatives^[87].

The later books name a new generation of operators, and grade them the same way. "If you can see them they are gofers and yes-people and not the source of the power to which they answer"^[88]. In Everything You Need to Know they are the El-ite's "place-people" on the Tony Blair "blueprint", among them Merkel, Macron and Trudeau, together with the "philanthropic billionaires" (Soros, Gates) whom the Web makes rich in return for funding its agenda^[89]. In Perceptions of a Renegade Mind they are "Cult operatives", "Cult gofers" and "Sabbatian place-people". The central figure is Bill Gates, "the global public face of the Cult", with Klaus Schwab, Tedros and the national medical chiefs below him. Beside them stand the Silicon Valley "front men", who are "not the real power" behind their companies^[90]. Presidents are interchangeable: Trump is a Sabbatian "designer-villain", Biden "the most controlled 'president' in American history"^[91]. The Woke, the "progressives", Antifa and Black Lives Matter are profiled here as the Cult's foot soldiers, most of whom, Icke says, serve "Archontic masters they don't know exist"^[92]. Icke also calls for "Nuremberg-type trials" in every country for the Cult operatives and for those who "followed orders"^[93].

At the base of the pyramid is humanity, created by the Anunnaki as "a slave race of worker/servant/domesticated animal" and kept so ever since^[25]. Icke says it is mind-controlled and "only slightly more conscious than your average zombie". It gives its power away, thinks it is free when it votes for puppets, and polices itself as "the sheep and the sheep dog"^[94]. "The question is not how many are mind controlled but how few are not"^[95]. Its children supply the rituals, and its conflicts, divided by race and religion, feed the reptilians. Yet Icke insists that humans are "infinite, eternal consciousness", "a genius waiting to happen", and that the few rule only because the billions allow it^[96].

The 1995 book describes the same humanity as prisoner and energy source. Its DNA was rewired from twelve helixes to two, it was cut off from its Higher Self by a blocking frequency, and it was manipulated so that its fear, guilt and conflict feed the Prison Warders^[97]. But the book also makes humanity the author of its own prison. The collective human mind "attracted" the Elite and the Luciferic Consciousness through its lack of self-love, as a battered wife attracts an abuser. "Who are the real Prison Warders...? We are"^[98]. The "Robot Radicals" of the Left and the "Robot Right" are the Elite's unknowing foot soldiers^[99]. Ordinary Jews are used as "propaganda fodder" by their own hierarchy^[100]. "The real power in a pyramid lies at the base"^[101].

The later books describe the base of the pyramid in terms of perception. Humanity is Infinite Awareness decoding a simulation through a "Body-Mind", locked into five-sense "Phantom Self" identity, entrained into a narrow "Postage Stamp Consensus", and fed upon through its fear by the Archons^[102]. The reptilian brain, a product of Reptilian breeding, makes people both subservient and, in the El-ite, dominating^[103]. In Perceptions of a Renegade Mind the population is "World number 1", kept in "coldly-calculated ignorance", and the few control the many only because "the many do whatever they're told"^[104]. The Palestinians are singled out as the victims of Sabbatian Israel^[105], and the old and the young as the chief targets of "Covid" policy^[106].

Icke's opposition is not a rival hierarchy but awareness: those who "think the unthinkable", tell what they have seen, or refuse the fear on which the structure feeds^[107]. He puts himself here, along with his sources and witnesses: Credo Mutwa, the mind-control survivors Cathy O'Brien, Arizona Wilder, Brice Taylor and Cisco Wheeler, their rescuers and deprogrammers, and researchers such as Brian Desborough. Here too are the Brotherhood's targets: leaders who defied it (Lincoln, JFK), and above all Princess Diana, whom he presents as a positive "light being" ritually sacrificed as the Moon goddess. Some of these figures served the structure before breaking with it. Arizona Wilder was a Mother Goddess who conducted rituals; JFK was "groomed for high office for the Brotherhood" before he defied it^[108].

The 1995 book adds its own sources and targets. Researchers and witnesses Icke draws on include Carroll Quigley, Eustace Mullins, John Coleman, Antony Sutton, Gary Allen, Rabbi Marvin S. Antelman, Kitty Little, Michael Collins Piper, Jim Garrison and The Spotlight. Icke says he uses them for their "names-places-dates research, not their belief system"^[109]. The victims include JFK and Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Malcolm X, Wilhelm Reich, Dorothy Kilgallen and many silenced witnesses^[110]. The positive forces are cosmic: the Pleiadians and other positive ETs, the "volunteers" who incarnate to break the frequency (Atlantis, Y'shua's group 2,000 years ago, and again now), and the Photon Belt^[111]. Icke himself is here: banned from the Green Party conference in 1994 and branded a Nazi, a visitor to the guarded 1995 Burgenstock Bilderberg meeting, and a man who says he felt the Prison Warder Consciousness leave him when he opened his heart^[112].

The later books widen the opposition from people to states of awareness. Infinite Awareness is what every human really is, and the "Truth Vibrations" of which Icke was told in 1990 are bringing "everything hidden to the surface"^[113]. The hero of Perceptions of a Renegade Mind is the Renegade Mind, "really the Renegade Heart", which refuses to acquiesce, and its army is the "Pushbackers" who march against lockdowns in their hundreds of thousands^[114]. Icke's answer in both books is love, laughter and mass non-cooperation, not violence. "Love is the garlic to Wetiko's vampire", and "We are many – They are few"^[115]. His witnesses and allies in the later books include the Gnostics and their Nag Hammadi texts, Rudolf Steiner, Nikola Tesla, George Orwell and Aldous Huxley (whom he treats as an insider), the whistleblowers Edward Snowden and WikiLeaks, Aaron Russo, Norman Bergrun, the "virus" sceptics Tom Cowan, Andrew Kaufman and Michael Yeadon, and the lawyer Reiner Fuellmich^[116].